Table 2 Generalised estimating equation model of the AMU Mg/PCU and DDDvet/PCU variation in pig herds in Ireland across the year quarters over the study period (2019–2023); distribution = gamma; link function = log
From: Antimicrobial use in pig herds in Ireland: analysis of a national database (2019–2023)
mg/PCU | DDDvet/PCU | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
EXP(β)1 (95% CI) | p value | EXP(β)1 (95% CI) | p value | |
Year-quarter | ||||
2019-1 | 0.92 (0.66–1.28) | 0.616 | 0.72 (0.5–1.05) | 0.091 |
2019-2 | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 0.440 | 0.7 (0.48–1.01) | 0.060 |
2019-3 | 0.89 (0.63–1.24) | 0.475 | 0.92 (0.63–1.33) | 0.654 |
2019-4 | 0.88 (0.64–1.21) | 0.424 | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) | 0.294 |
2020-1 | 0.9 (0.69–1.17) | 0.440 | 0.81 (0.61–1.09) | 0.168 |
2020-2 | 0.9 (0.69–1.17) | 0.429 | 0.81 (0.6–1.09) | 0.160 |
2020-3 (Referent) | ||||
2020-4 | 0.89 (0.69–1.16) | 0.403 | 0.82 (0.61–1.1) | 0.176 |
2021-1 | 0.8 (0.62–1.05) | 0.105 | 0.77 (0.58–1.03) | 0.083 |
2021-2 | 0.77 (0.59–0.99) | 0.043 | 0.72 (0.54–0.95) | 0.023 |
2021-3 | 0.7 (0.54–0.9) | 0.006 | 0.67 (0.5–0.89) | 0.006 |
2021-4 | 0.57 (0.44–0.74) | < 0.001 | 0.54 (0.4–0.71) | < 0.001 |
2022-1 | 0.55 (0.42–0.7) | < 0.001 | 0.55 (0.41–0.73) | < 0.001 |
2022-2 | 0.58 (0.45–0.76) | < 0.001 | 0.54 (0.41–0.72) | < 0.001 |
2022-3 | 0.51 (0.39–0.66) | < 0.001 | 0.44 (0.33–0.6) | < 0.001 |
2022-4 | 0.6 (0.46–0.79) | < 0.001 | 0.52 (0.38–0.7) | < 0.001 |
2023-1 | 0.53 (0.41–0.69) | < 0.001 | 0.5 (0.37–0.67) | < 0.001 |
2023-2 | 0.61 (0.46–0.79) | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.49–0.9) | 0.008 |
2023-3 | 0.7 (0.53–0.91) | 0.009 | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) | 0.091 |
2023-4 | 0.75 (0.57 - NA) | 0.039 | 0.74 (0.55–1.01) | 0.060 |
Herd type | ||||
Breeder to Weaner unit (Ref.) | ||||
Farrow-to-finish | 0.64 (0.38–1.09) | 0.099 | 0.25 (0.15–0.43) | < 0.001 |
Finisher/fattening unit | 0.31 (0.18–0.53) | < 0.001 | 0.12 (0.07–0.2) | < 0.001 |
Other | 0.44 (0.15–1.3) | 0.136 | 0.16 (0.05–0.5) | 0.001 |
Herd size quartiles (range) | ||||
1 (< 1442; Ref.) | ||||
2 (1442–3157) | 1.07 (0.86–1.34) | 0.529 | 1.04 (0.82–1.32) | 0.744 |
3 (3158–6006) | 1.06 (0.82–1.38) | 0.650 | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) | 0.231 |
4 (6001–23056) | 1.08 (0.79–1.48) | 0.611 | 0.91 (0.65–1.27) | 0.572 |
Constant | 166.12 (100.07–275.78) | < 0.001 | 32.28 (19.2–54.27) | < 0.001 |