Fig. 3

Predicted probability that an HPCIA is used per quarter from a logistic population-averaged mixed effect model. The solid connected line represents the predictions from a model where time is fitted as a categorical variable, with associated 95% CI spikes. The dashed line is the marginal prediction from the linear spline model with two knots, adjusted for production type and herd size; the transparent green range is the 95% CI for the spline prediction