Fig. 1

Timeline of the study investigating restraining devices and the use of local anesthesia in piglet castration. An injection containing iron and coccidiostat and an injection of meloxicam were administered to all study piglets. The piglets were restrained at two time points (RESTRAIN 1 and RESTRAIN 2) using either a tubular castration bench (TUBE) or a castration rack (HANGING). The piglets received either local anesthesia (LA) or sham injections (NO LA) at the timepoint LOCAL. Finally, surgical castration was performed at the timepoint CASTRATION. Between all procedures, the piglets stayed in their nests