Table 1 Types of pain, including the description and biological function [28]

Description

Pain caused by physiological activation of peripheral high threshold nociceptors (subcategories include somatic and visceral pain)

Spontaneous and stimulus- dependent pain evoked by both low-and high-intensity stimuli

Spontaneous pain caused by lesions or disease of the somatosensory nervous system

Biological function

Adaptive (physiological)

Protection of the organism from injury

Protection by hypersensitivity during healing and repair

–

Maladaptive (patho-physiological)

Persistent pain despite healing and absence of initial causes or triggers, may become a disease entity** on its own

No protective function; may become a disease entity** on its own

References from the review*

Pig as a model

[24, 29]

Pigs in the focus of the publication

[30,31,32,33,34,35,36]

Pig as model

[37,38,39,40]

Pigs in the focus of the publication

[41, 42]

Pig as a model

[43, 44]

Pigs in the focus of the publication

[30, 31, 45, 46]